Electrode Encapsulation
1 - Tissue encapsulation of implanted neural stimulating electrodes
2 - Intramuscular Stimulating Electrodes
3 - Peterson Intramuscular Electrode
4 - Intramuscular Stimulating Electrode Tissue Reaction: Peterson Electrode
5 - Property of the Pathogenic Barrier Formed by the Tight-Cell Layer along the Peterson Intramuscular Electrode: Part 1
6 - Property of the Pathogenic Barrier Formed by the Tight-Cell Layer along the Peterson Intramuscular Electrode: Part 2
7 - Property of the Pathogenic Barrier Formed by the Tight-Cell Layer along the Peterson Intramuscular Electrode: Part 3
8 - Percutaneous Exit Site
9 - The tight-cell layer is compromised when particulate matter is present on lead
10 - The tight-cell layer is compromised when particulate matter is present on lead, effect of cleaning
11 - Cuff Type Electrode for Use on Nerve Trunk Structures: The Importance of Sizing
12 - Tissue Response to Open Cuff Electrode
13 - Self-Sizing Spiral Cuff Electrode
14 - Self-Sizing Spiral Cuff Electrode Fabrication
15 - Spiral cuff implanted on cat sciatic nerve for seven months
16 - Tissue Encapsulation At ~ Seven Months
17 - Intramuscular Stimulating Electrodes Tissue Reaction: Epimysial Electrode
Selective Activation
18 - Selective Activation – Manipulating the induced electric field
19 - Mathematical Model of the Cuff Electrode
20 - The Chintalachararuvu Model
21 - Effect of Tissue Conductivities
22 - Scattering Effects of Tissue Conductivities
23 - Adding Field Steering to the Electrode Configuration
24 - Returning the Current to Two Flanking Electrodes
25 - Adding an Anodic Stimulus to the Tripolar Configuration
26 - Field Steering Can be a Very Useful Tool
27 - Tripolar Electrode Configuration with a 6mm Spacing
28 - Effect of Cuff Fitting
Selective Activation – Animal Experiments
29 - Selective Activation – Animal Experiments
30 - Animal Experiments – Tripolar & Monopolar Configurations
31 - Current Recruitment Curves for 0° Position
32 - Overlap of Monopolar and Tripolar Electrode Configurations
33 - Experimental Findings (field steering)
34 - Example of Fascicular Selectivity: Cathodic Steering Current
35 - Fascicular Selectivity & Example of Anodic Field Steering Current
36 - Selective Activation of Any of Four Fascicles
37 - Verification of Full and Independent Activation of an Individual Fascicle
38 - Fascicular Selectivity & Something else to think about
Controlled and Targeted Activation – Experimental Findings
39 - Experimental Findings – Review
40 - Affecting a torque anywhere in the torque space
41 - Affect of Overlapping Excitatory Fields
42 - Avoiding overlapping subthreshold excitatory fields
43 - Refractory and Facilitatory Periods – Finding the delay
44 - Torque Output Range – Pulse Delay
45 - Cumulative Histogram for the Facilitative and Refractory Periods
46 - Torque resulting from stimuli applied to activate two separate fascicles
47 - Stimuli to effect activation of two fascicles separated by 900 µs
48 - Summary of Experimental Results